The aim of this review is to explore the advancement in the field of polymeric drug delivery carriers particularly bioadhesive microspheres. Microspheres as carriers of drug become an approach of controlled release dosage form in novel drug delivery system. Particularly bioadhesive microspheres posses prolonged residence time at the site of action and allowed to intimate contact with bioadhesive membrane and show therapeutic effect. Bioadhesive microspheres present an impact on drug candidate’s characteristics for improvement of drug absorption. The objective of review is to discuss the theories of bioadhesion, principle underlying the development and evaluation of bioadhesive microspheres and their applications. Various methods employed to prepare bioadhesive microspheres like spray drying, solvent evaporation, hot melt microencapsulation, polymerization emulsification phase separation which are use for low as well as high molecular drugs. Bioadhesive microspheres have been developed for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, rectal and vaginal routes for either systemic or local effects. Bioadhesive microspheres provide a unique system for many pharmaceuticals and can be tailored to adhere to mucosal tissue and show effect.
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